If ever you feel unhappy when you watch others laugh or smile, then you should visit a doctor or a psychologist to help you get rid of your selfish complexes. If ever you hate others when they love and fall in love, then you should find someone to help you find out what is wrong with your heart and feelings.
If ever you want all the people to be your copy, to be the way you are, to believe only in what you think is right and wrong, to cut their tongues and speak merely your own language, to pray the way you pray and worship the same God you worship and to be your shadows by day and by night, then please do not get mad with me brother. If I ask you, dear brother or sister, to stop reading and go find a healer to help you heal your inner and psychic sicknesses because there must be something wrong with you.
Normally, we should be happy when we see others smile and celebrate their cultural and religious ceremonies. Watching others laugh, sing and dance should invite us to sing and dance with them and to be joyful for their joys and sad for their sadness. As humans, we must be connected to each other and love for others what we love for ourselves.
Unfortunately, some people are racist though they pretend not to be so. They are not conscious of the pain they are causing to others when they deprive them of their rights to be the way they are. They do not understand that other humans have their inalienable rights the way we have ours and that we should all respect each other without discrimination or segregation.
Some people are so selfish and egoist as they want all people to walk the way they walk, to talk the way they talk, to sing the way they sing, to sleep the way they sleep and even to snore and dream the way they dream. This is abnormal. We are created different and we should learn how to accept our differences within our communities and societies.
We are created different with different physical, cultural, social and racial features. Imagine that all people have the same eyes, mouths and ears? shape. We would be like pieces of chalk or like piece of sugar.
Our task number one is to learn how to coexist with one another, communicate with them, undertsand them and create strong social and intimate relations with those who are crated to be and to live different than us.
As All the ?Imazighan? of the world are celebrating their and our Amazigh New Year, I thought it would be a good idea to think about what unites us as Moroccans, as nations and citizens. I want us to stop our fear and phobia of others.
We are all humans and citizens of the same countries and the same world. We should believe that there is enough room for us all on this world and that we are more concerned with love, peace, security, integration, security, freedom and mutual love and respect.
The word ?Amazigh? means to be free and the Amazigh people are the free people. Thus, let?s seize the opportunity of the Amazigh New Year to wish and pray for a free world where all the people are free, equal, sisters and brothers.
? Morocco World News. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, rewritten or redistributed
New Delhi: India has been ranked as the 119th freest country in the world out of 177 in the 2013 index of economic freedom, according to a report.
Among the BRIC economies China, Russia were ranked below India in the index, while Brazil was above India.
India's economic freedom score stood at 55.2, as its institutional shortcomings continue to undermine the foundations for long-term economic development, the report complied by Heritage Foundation said.
The rankings were made under various sub-heads ? free, mostly free, moderately free, mostly unfree, repressed and unranked which included countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, Libya, Liechtenstein, Somalia, Sudan and Syria.
India was ranked in the mostly unfree category and was ranked below countries like the Philippines, Tanzania, Fiji, Oman, Peru among others.
The top ten countries in the list include Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Switzarland, canada, Chili, Mauritius, Denmark and US.
The overall score of India at 55.2 was below the world average of 59.6, the regional average of 57.4 and well behind the average quoted by free economies which stood at 84.5.
The score represents a slight uptick than the last year (up 0.6 per cent) as the improvements in the management of public finance and monetary freedom was offset by a continuing decline in freedom from corruption.
"In the absence of a well-functioning legal and regulatory framework, corruption throughout the economy is becoming a more serious drag on the emergence of a more dynamic private sector," the report said.
In the Asia-Pacific region, India is ranked 23rd out of 41 countries.
Jan. 11, 2013 ? An MIT researcher has developed a technique that provides a new way of manipulating heat, allowing it to be controlled much as light waves can be manipulated by lenses and mirrors.
The approach relies on engineered materials consisting of nanostructured semiconductor alloy crystals. Heat is a vibration of matter -- technically, a vibration of the atomic lattice of a material -- just as sound is. Such vibrations can also be thought of as a stream of phonons -- a kind of "virtual particle" that is analogous to the photons that carry light. The new approach is similar to recently developed photonic crystals that can control the passage of light, and phononic crystals that can do the same for sound.
The spacing of tiny gaps in these materials is tuned to match the wavelength of the heat phonons, explains Martin Maldovan, a research scientist in MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering and author of a paper on the new findings published Jan. 11 in the journal Physical Review Letters.
"It's a completely new way to manipulate heat," Maldovan says. Heat differs from sound, he explains, in the frequency of its vibrations: Sound waves consist of lower frequencies (up to the kilohertz range, or thousands of vibrations per second), while heat arises from higher frequencies (in the terahertz range, or trillions of vibrations per second).
In order to apply the techniques already developed to manipulate sound, Maldovan's first step was to reduce the frequency of the heat phonons, bringing it closer to the sound range. He describes this as "hypersonic heat."
"Phonons for sound can travel for kilometers," Maldovan says -- which is why it's possible to hear noises from very far away. "But phonons of heat only travel for nanometers [billionths of a meter]. That's why you couldn't hear heat even with ears responding to terahertz frequencies."
Heat also spans a wide range of frequencies, he says, while sound spans a single frequency. So, to address that, Maldovan says, "the first thing we did is reduce the number of frequencies of heat, and we made them lower," bringing these frequencies down into the boundary zone between heat and sound. Making alloys of silicon that incorporate nanoparticles of germanium in a particular size range accomplished this lowering of frequency, he says.
Reducing the range of frequencies was also accomplished by making a series of thin films of the material, so that scattering of phonons would take place at the boundaries. This ends up concentrating most of the heat phonons within a relatively narrow "window" of frequencies.
Following the application of these techniques, more than 40 percent of the total heat flow is concentrated within a hypersonic range of 100 to 300 gigahertz, and most of the phonons align in a narrow beam, instead of moving in every direction.
As a result, this beam of narrow-frequency phonons can be manipulated using phononic crystals similar to those developed to control sound phonons. Because these crystals are now being used to control heat instead, Maldovan refers to them as "thermocrystals," a new category of materials.
These thermocrystals might have a wide range of applications, he suggests, including in improved thermoelectric devices, which convert differences of temperature into electricity. Such devices transmit electricity freely while strictly controlling the flow of heat -- tasks that the thermocrystals could accomplish very effectively, Maldovan says.
Most conventional materials allow heat to travel in all directions, like ripples expanding outward from a pebble dropped in a pond; thermocrystals could instead produce the equivalent of those ripples only moving out in a single direction, Maldovan says. The crystals could also be used to create thermal diodes: materials in which heat can pass in one direction, but not in the reverse direction. Such a one-way heat flow could be useful in energy-efficient buildings in hot and cold climates.
Other variations of the material could be used to focus heat -- much like focusing light with a lens -- to concentrate it in a small area. Another intriguing possibility is thermal cloaking, Maldovan says: materials that prevent detection of heat, just as recently developed metamaterials can create "invisibility cloaks" to shield objects from detection by visible light or microwaves.
Rama Venkatasubramanian, senior research director at the Center for Solid State Energetics at RTI International in North Carolina, says this is "an interesting approach to control the various frequencies of the phonon spectra that conduct heat in a solid-state material."
The modeling used to develop this new system "needs to be further developed," Venkatasubramanian adds. "The theory of what wavelengths of phonons, and at what temperatures, contribute to how much heat transport is a complex problem even in simpler materials, let alone nanostructured materials, and these will have to be factored in -- so this paper will trigger more interest and study in that direction."
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Story Source:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The original article was written by David L. Chandler.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
Martin Maldovan. Narrow Low-Frequency Spectrum and Heat Management by Thermocrystals. Physical Review Letters, 2013; 110 (2) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.025902
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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Anabolic steroids were first created in the 1930s for medical purposes, and now they are often used to increase physical performance in sports. Although men were once the only users, this is no longer the case as more and more women are using steroids to enhance their physique and build muscle.
Women and Steroids
Steroid use in women can be considered more controversial than in men because of the more permanent side effects that can occur. Steroids are synthetic substances related to the male sex hormone testosterone that have both androgenic (masculinization) and anabolic (tissue-building) effects on the human body. Women produce much less testosterone than men, so when a woman uses steroids, the effects are more pronounced.
A study of bodybuilders in 2000 showed that male bodybuilders weren?t the only ones taking steroids to bulk up; this was one of the first studies of women and steroids. According to data cited in the study, 145,000 American women had used steroids at some point in their lives.
Why Women Use Steroids
Women use anabolic and other types of steroids for many reasons. Some benefits of using them include:
* Reduced body fat * Increase in lean muscle mass * Increased strength * Euphoria and increased self-esteem * More energy * Increased sexual arousal
There are other reasons women take them, too. Some women believe taking steroids will help increase gender equality. Others might do it for personal gain ? monetary or recognition. And other women feel they need to take steroids in order to protect themselves.
Women and Bodybuilding
Most women bodybuilders didn?t begin taking steroids until after Rachel McLish won Ms. Olympia, the women's bodybuilding portion of the international bodybuilding competition. McLish herself didn?t take steroids, but the display of her muscle mass helped change opinions about women having muscles. Other women began to want to build their muscles, or they were told they had to in order to compete. Gradually, gyms began adding rooms for women, too.
Women and Olympic Sports
Because Olympic athletes are under so much pressure to succeed, some women use steroids to improve their performance. Marion Jones, a track and field star, is the most well-known woman athlete to use steroids because she was once considered the fastest female in the world. Use of steroids by high-level athletes began in East Germany in the 1950s, when female and male athletes were given state-provided steroid pills. By the 1980s, steroids were being used by Olympic competitors and other athletes in many other countries, as well. Today, it is thought by some experts that perhaps almost all Olympic short-distance runners, including women, use steroids.
Women and Steroids in the Future
As media and culture influence women to be something they can?t be naturally, steroids and other supplements will continue to entice.
Author's Bio:?
Stephanie Davis is a writer and nurse who writes about women?s issues and matters related to women?s health. She also has a master?s degree in public health.
SAN DIEGO (Reuters) - The U.S. Border Patrol has assigned more agents to the Southern California coast following an increase in attempts to smuggle people and drugs into the United States by water, a Border Patrol official said.
The agency's San Diego Sector, which employs some 2,600 agents to police 60 miles of land border and 114 miles of coast, has seen maritime apprehensions triple in the past five years while arrests on land have dropped to less than a sixth of 2008 levels.
"We have increased staffing along the coast and we are working with Customs and Border Protection to beef up our assets along the coast," San Diego Sector Chief Paul Beeson told Reuters in an interview. "We see the threat there increasing and we are significantly increasing our presence."
In the past two years, agents have apprehended some 1,300 people, seized more than 200 vessels and recovered more than 135,000 pounds (61,235 kg) of drugs along the coast between the Mexican border and Rancho Palos Verdes, Border Patrol spokesman Steven Pitts said.
In 2008, by comparison, there were 230 apprehensions, 33 vessels seized and no drugs recovered, Pitts said.
Crossings by water, which usually involves heading miles out to sea, running parallel to the coast and then coming back to shore, are dangerous. Since 2010, five illegal border crossers have died at sea, Border Patrol spokesman Steven Pitts said.
"The transnational smuggling organizations do not care about the human lives they put in danger," Pitts said. "We often find no safety equipment on the boats, or safety equipment that doesn't work properly."
In 2008, the San Diego sector recorded about 162,000 arrests on land, while the first 10 months of fiscal year 2012 yielded about 26,000 such arrests, Pitts said.
Authorities say the decline in arrests on land have been a result of "hardening the border" - adding miles of intensified border fences, as well as cameras and sensors - as well as a big increase in patrolling.
The Pew Hispanic Center released a study in April that cited the hardening of the border and the decimation of the job market - the main attraction for many illegal border crossers - as the main causes for the steep decline in illegal immigration.
Meanwhile, smugglers have taken to the sea, often in wide, open power boats called pangas carrying people or marijuana.
Last month a panga launched in Mexico and loaded with pot rammed a U.S. Coast Guard boarding party near Santa Cruz Island, killing one Guardsman and injuring another.
Pangas aren't the only vessels being used - Border Patrol agents routinely pick up single passengers dropped off by personal watercraft along the California coast near the border, officials said. They have also captured several dive scooters, or motorized propellers divers hold like a kickboard in the water.
(This story corrects description of items seized in final paragraph to dive scooters, not mini-submarines)
Invading species can extinguish native plants despite recent reportsPublic release date: 9-Jan-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Sean Bettam s.bettam@utoronto.ca 416-946-7950 University of Toronto
TORONTO, ON Ecologists at the University of Toronto and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) have found that, given time, invading exotic plants will likely eliminate native plants growing in the wild despite recent reports to the contrary.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) reports that recent statements that invasive plants are not problematic are often based on incomplete information, with insufficient time having passed to observe the full effect of invasions on native biodiversity.
"The impacts of exotic plant invasions often take much longer to become evident than previously thought," says Benjamin Gilbert of U of T's Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (EEB) and lead author of the study. "This delay can create an 'extinction debt' in native plant species, meaning that these species are slowly going extinct but the actual extinction event occurs hundreds of years after the initial invasion."
Much of the debate surrounding the threat posed to biodiversity by the invasions of non-native species is fueled by recent findings that competition from introduced plants has driven remarkably few plant species to extinction. Instead, native plant species in invaded ecosystems are often relegated to patchy, marginal habitats unsuitable to their nonnative competitors.
However, Gilbert and co-author Jonathan Levine of ETH Zurich say that it is uncertain whether the colonization and extinction dynamics of the plants in marginal habitats will allow long-term native persistence.
"Of particular concern is the possibility that short term persistence of native flora in invaded habitats masks eventual extinction," says Levine.
The researchers conducted their research in a California reserve where much of the remaining native plant diversity exists in marginal areas surrounded by invasive grasses. They performed experiments in the reserve and coupled their results with quantitative models to determine the long term impacts of invasive grasses on native plants.
"Invasion has created isolated 'islands of native plants' in a sea of exotics," says Gilbert. "This has decreased the size of native habitats, which reduces seed production and increases local extinction. It also makes it much harder for native plants to recolonize following a local extinction."
"Our research also allows us to identify how new habitats for native flora could be created that would prevent extinction from happening. These habitats would still be too marginal for invaders, but placed in such a way as to create 'bridges' to other habitat patches," says Gilbert.
###
The findings are reported in the paper "Plant invasions and extinction debts" in PNAS' Early Edition this week. The research is supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Packard Foundation.
Note to media: Visit www.artsci.utoronto.ca/main/media-releases/invasive-exotic-plants-study for images related to the research study described here.
MEDIA CONTACTS:
Benjamin Gilbert
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
University of Toronto
416-978-4065 (office)
647-778-0900 (cell)
benjamin.gilbert@utoronto.ca
Sean Bettam
Communications, Faculty of Arts & Science
University of Toronto
416-946-7950
s.bettam@utoronto.ca
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Invading species can extinguish native plants despite recent reportsPublic release date: 9-Jan-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Sean Bettam s.bettam@utoronto.ca 416-946-7950 University of Toronto
TORONTO, ON Ecologists at the University of Toronto and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) have found that, given time, invading exotic plants will likely eliminate native plants growing in the wild despite recent reports to the contrary.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) reports that recent statements that invasive plants are not problematic are often based on incomplete information, with insufficient time having passed to observe the full effect of invasions on native biodiversity.
"The impacts of exotic plant invasions often take much longer to become evident than previously thought," says Benjamin Gilbert of U of T's Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (EEB) and lead author of the study. "This delay can create an 'extinction debt' in native plant species, meaning that these species are slowly going extinct but the actual extinction event occurs hundreds of years after the initial invasion."
Much of the debate surrounding the threat posed to biodiversity by the invasions of non-native species is fueled by recent findings that competition from introduced plants has driven remarkably few plant species to extinction. Instead, native plant species in invaded ecosystems are often relegated to patchy, marginal habitats unsuitable to their nonnative competitors.
However, Gilbert and co-author Jonathan Levine of ETH Zurich say that it is uncertain whether the colonization and extinction dynamics of the plants in marginal habitats will allow long-term native persistence.
"Of particular concern is the possibility that short term persistence of native flora in invaded habitats masks eventual extinction," says Levine.
The researchers conducted their research in a California reserve where much of the remaining native plant diversity exists in marginal areas surrounded by invasive grasses. They performed experiments in the reserve and coupled their results with quantitative models to determine the long term impacts of invasive grasses on native plants.
"Invasion has created isolated 'islands of native plants' in a sea of exotics," says Gilbert. "This has decreased the size of native habitats, which reduces seed production and increases local extinction. It also makes it much harder for native plants to recolonize following a local extinction."
"Our research also allows us to identify how new habitats for native flora could be created that would prevent extinction from happening. These habitats would still be too marginal for invaders, but placed in such a way as to create 'bridges' to other habitat patches," says Gilbert.
###
The findings are reported in the paper "Plant invasions and extinction debts" in PNAS' Early Edition this week. The research is supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Packard Foundation.
Note to media: Visit www.artsci.utoronto.ca/main/media-releases/invasive-exotic-plants-study for images related to the research study described here.
MEDIA CONTACTS:
Benjamin Gilbert
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
University of Toronto
416-978-4065 (office)
647-778-0900 (cell)
benjamin.gilbert@utoronto.ca
Sean Bettam
Communications, Faculty of Arts & Science
University of Toronto
416-946-7950
s.bettam@utoronto.ca
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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Public release date: 9-Jan-2013
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